German Studies

CONSTITUTIONS AND CODES

• Basic Law (Grundgesetz) (in German) (German Federal Government)
• English translations of selected codes, laws, and ordinances, including the Basic Law, the Civil Code and the Criminal Code, published by the Federal Justice Ministry on the Gesetze-im-Internet website.
• German Law Archive: Statutes
• Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger) (in German)

GOVERNMENT

• German Federal Government (Bundesregierung)
• German Parliament (Bundestag)
• Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof)
• Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht)
• Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht)
• State Governments of the German Federal States
• The German Federal Government (deutschland.de)
• The Federal Government at a Glance (Facts about Germany)

PARTY POLITICS

• German Parliament and Parties (deutschland.de)
• Parties and Political Foundations in Germany (deutschland.de)
• Political Parties (Handbook Germany)
• Parties and Elections in Germany (Parties and Elections in Europe)

ELECTIONS

• Elections in Germany (Handbook Germany)
• Office of the Federal Returning Officer (Bundeswahlleiter)
• Campaign Finance in Germany (Law Library of Congress)

LEGAL RESOURCES

• German Law Archive
• Guide to Law Online: Germany (Law Library of Congress)
• Legal Research in Germany Between Print and Electronic Media: An Overview (GlobaLex)
• German Business and Commercial Laws -- Guide to Translations into English and Select Auxiliary Sources (GlobaLex)
• German Legal Research Guide (Harvard Law School Library)
• German Legal Research Guide (Georgetown Law Library)
• German Legal Research (European Encyclopedia of Law)

OTHER POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

• News About Germany (Deutsche Welle)
• Germany Country Profile (BBC News)
• Germany (European Union official website)
• Permanent Mission of the the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Nations in New York

CONSTITUTIONS AND CODES

• Federal Constitution (Bundesverfassung) (in German) (Austrian Parliament)
• Federal Constitutional Law (Bundesverfassungsgesetz (B-VG) (Rechtsinformationssytem des Bundes)
• Austrian Laws in English (Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes)
• Federal Parliament: Legal Basis and Laws (Austrian Parliament)

GOVERNMENT

• Federal Chancellery of the Republic of Austria (Bundeskanzleramt)
• Federal Parliament (Parlament)
• Federal Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof)
• Supreme Court of Justice (Oberste Gerichtshof)
• Supreme Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof)
• Government Authorities (oesterreich.gv.at)

PARTY POLITICS

• Parties and Parliamentary Groups (Austrian Parliament)
• Parties and Elections in Austria (Parties and Elections in Europe)

ELECTIONS

• Elections in Austria (Federal Ministry of the Interior)
• The Principles of Electoral Law (Austrian Parliament)

LEGAL RESOURCES

• Legal Information System of the Federal Government (Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes) (Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs) (primarily in German; limited English-language content available)
• ALEX: Historical legal and legislative texts online (Historische Rechts- und Gesetzetexte Online) (in German) (Austrian National Library)
• The Austrian Legal Information System and Laws -- A Brief Overview (GlobaLex)
• Guide to Law Online: Austria (Law Library of Congress)

OTHER POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

• Democracy Center of Vienna (Demokratiezentrum Wien)
• Austria Country Profile (BBC News)
• Austria (European Union official website)
• News about Austria (Deutsche Welle)

CONSTITUTIONS AND CODES

• Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (Bundesverfassung der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft)
• Classified Compilation of Acts & Ordinances (English translations of major laws organized by subject) (Federal Council)

GOVERNMENT

• Federal Government Portal
• Federal Council (Bundesrat)
• Federal Chancellery (Bundeskanzlei)
• Federal Presidency (Bundespräsidum)
• Federal Assembly -- Swiss Parliament (Bundesversammlung)
• Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgericht) (In German)
• Discover Switzerland: The Cantons (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs)
• ch.ch: The Swiss Authorities Online

PARTY POLITICS

• Discover Switzerland: Political Parties (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs)
• Democracy: The Swiss Political System (ch.ch)
• Parties and Elections in Switzerland (Parties and Elections in Europe)

ELECTIONS

• Federal and Cantonal Elections: When and How? (ch.ch)
• Political Rights (ch.ch)
• Votes (ch.ch)
• Discover Switzerland: Direct Democracy (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs)
• Direct Democracy in Switzerland: Latest News (swissinfo.ch)

LEGAL RESOURCES

• Guide to Law Online: Switzerland (Law Library of Congress)
• The Swiss Legal System and Legal Research (GlobaLex)
• Lexicon of Parliamentary Terms (Federal Assembly)

OTHER POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

• Switzerland Country Profile (BBC News)
• Swissinfo News (English-language news from the Swiss national broadcasting service)
• News about Switzerland (Deutsche Welle)

CONSTITUTIONS AND CODES

• Legilux (in French)
• Constitution (In French) (Legilux)
• Constitution (Constitute Project)

GOVERNMENT

• The Government: Formation, Duties, Operation, and Composition (Government of Luxembourg)
• The Political System (Government of Luxembourg)
• Chamber of Deputies: Organization and Operation (In French) (Chamber of Deputies) 

PARTY POLITICS

• Political Parties (Government of Luxembourg)
• Parties and Elections in Luxembourg (Parties and Elections in Europe)
• Financing of Political Parties (In French) (Chamber of Deputies) 

ELECTIONS

• Elections (Government of Luxembourg)

LEGAL RESOURCES

• Guide to Law Online: Luxembourg (Law Library of Congress)
• Luxembourg -- Description of the Legal System and Legal Research (GlobaLex)
• Luxembourg: Legal Resources (BYU Law Library)

OTHER POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

• Luxembourg Country Profile (BBC News)
• Luxembourg (European Union official website)
• News about Luxembourg (Deutsche Welle)
• News about Luxembourg (RTL)

CONSTITUTIONS AND CODES

• Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein (Verfassung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein)
• Selected Consolidated Laws

GOVERNMENT

• Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein
• Liechtenstein at a Glance: The Government
• Parliament (Landtag)

PARTY POLITICS

• Parties and Elections in Liechtenstein (Parties and Elections in Europe)

ELECTIONS

• Parliamentary Elections (Parliament)

LEGAL RESOURCES

• Guide to Law Online: Liechtenstein

OTHER POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

• Liechtenstein Country Profile (BBC News)
• News About Liechtenstein (Government of Liechtenstein)
• News About Liechtenstein (Der Spiegel) (In German)
• Liechtenstein Political News (Volksblatt.li) (In German)